What are the causes of LED tri-proof light source component damage

Overcurrent shock
Overcurrent shock is the main factor leading to the failure of light source components, which can usually be divided into two categories: transient overcurrent and steady-state overvoltage. Transient overcurrent is mostly caused by sudden events such as grid fluctuations, transient noise of switching power supplies or lightning strikes, causing the current flowing through the LED to exceed its rated value. For example, in a cold chain warehouse, due to the grid voltage fluctuation exceeding ±15%, transient overcurrent was triggered, causing some lamp bead welding wires to burn out, forming obvious dark areas, seriously affecting the lighting effect. Steady-state overvoltage is often caused by insufficient power supply design margin or load mutation. For example, the output voltage of the driving power supply of a factory exceeds the rated voltage of the lamp bead by 10%, causing the PN junction of the lamp bead to break down and the luminous flux to decay to 60% of the initial value. Therefore, when designing an LED lighting system, the stability and anti-interference ability of the power supply must be fully considered to ensure the long-term reliable operation of the system.

Electrostatic discharge
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a common hazard of highly integrated semiconductor devices during manufacturing, transportation and application. LED lighting systems must comply with the 8kV contact discharge requirements of the "Human Electrostatic Discharge Mode" of the IEC61000-4-2 standard to prevent overcurrent shocks during electrostatic discharge events. For example, in a food processing plant, due to the lack of effective anti-static measures, the LED chips suffered ESD events during transportation, the performance of the PN junction array was significantly reduced, local functions were damaged and light decay occurred. This incident emphasizes that in the design and implementation of LED lighting systems, electrostatic protection must be taken seriously to ensure the stability and reliability of the system.

Thermal damage
The light source components of LED Tri-Proof Light convert about 80% of electrical energy into thermal energy. If the heat dissipation design is insufficient or the ambient temperature exceeds the specified range, the junction temperature will be out of control. Studies have shown that for every 10°C increase in the junction temperature inside the LED chip, the luminous flux decays by 1%, and its service life is reduced by 50%. For example, in a metallurgical workshop, due to unreasonable heat dissipation design, the junction temperature of the lamp beads reached 95°C. After 3,000 hours of operation, the luminous flux decayed to 85% of the initial value, significantly affecting the lighting effect. Therefore, in the design stage of LED lighting products, thermal management solutions must be fully considered to ensure the performance and life of the light source.

Chemical corrosion
In a humid or corrosive environment, light source components may be threatened by chemical corrosion. For example, in a farm, due to the long-term exposure of the lamp to an environment with excessive ammonia concentration, metal migration occurred in the pins of the lamp beads, resulting in corrosion and short circuit of the solder joints. In addition, water vapor penetration may trigger electrochemical effects, accelerate metal oxidation and breakdown of the insulation layer, and further affect the normal operation of the lamp. Therefore, when selecting LED lighting products, it is necessary to consider its corrosion resistance in a specific environment to ensure its long-term stable operation.